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Oracle supports bitmap indexes on partitioned and nonpartitioned index-organized tables.A mapping table is required for creating bitmap indexes on an index-organized table.
The mapping table is a heap-organized table that stores logical rowids of the index-organized table. Specifically,each mapping table row stores one logical rowid for the corresponding index-organized table row. Thus,the mapping table provides one-to-one mapping between logical rowids of the index-organized table rows and physical rowids of the mapping table rows.
A bitmap index on an index-organized table is similar to that on a heap-organized table except that the rowids used in the bitmap index on an index-organized table are those of the mapping table as opposed to the base table. There is one mapping table for each index-organized table and it is used by all the bitmap indexes created on that index-organized table.
In both heap-organized and index-organized base tables, a bitmap index is accessed using a search key. If the key is found, the bitmap entry is converted to a physical rowid. In the case of heap-organized tables, this physical rowid is then used to access the base table. However, in the case of index-organized tables, the physical rowid is then used to access the mapping table. The access to the mapping table yields a logical rowid. This logical rowid is used to access the index-organized table.
Though a bitmap index on an index-organized table does not store logical rowids, it is still logical in nature.
大意是说:Oracle数据库支持在分区或者不分区的索引组织表(IOT)上创建位图索引。在向索引组织表创建位图索引的时候必须要有MAPPING TABLE。 MAPPING TABLE是一个HEAP表(即普通表),用来存储索引组织表的逻辑rowid。具体来说,MAPPING TABLE的每一行存储了一个逻辑rowid,用来关联索引组织表的行。因此,MAPPING TABLE的物理rowid和索引组织表的行之间产生了一对一的关联。因为索引组织表的rowid会经常变化,所以只有逻辑rowid,而不像普通表的行具有物理rowid,可以直接对应到具体的物理存放地点。在索引组织表上创建的位图索引和在普通HEAP表上创建的位图索引是类似的,只不过如果是索引组织表,那位图索引会使用MAPPING TABLE的rowid。在查询的时候,2种表都是通过key字段访问,在key字段找到之后,普通HEAP表会直接把key转换成rowid,然后通过rowid定位到具体的数据块中。但是如果是索引组织表,会通过key转换成rowid后,到MAPPING TABLE中去查找逻辑rowid,然后通过这个逻辑rowid去访问索引组织表里的数据。
SQL> create table t_testmap(eno number primary key,ename varchar2(10)) organization index; Table created. SQL> create bitmap index idx_map on t_testmap(ename); create bitmap index idx_map on t_testmap(ename) * ERROR at line 1: ORA-28669: bitmap index can not be created on an IOT with no mapping table 无法在没有mapping table的情况下给IOT创建位图索引。
SQL> create table t_testmap2(eno number primary key,ename varchar2(10)) organization index mapping table; Table created. SQL> create bitmap index idx_map on t_testmap2(ename); Index created.
位图索引创建成功。
SQL> select table_name,iot_name,iot_type from user_tables; TABLE_NAME IOT_NAME IOT_TYPE ------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------------------- SYS_IOT_MAP_10258 T_TESTMAP2 IOT_MAPPING T_TESTMAP2 IOT T_TESTMAP IOT SQL> select index_name, index_type, table_name, uniqueness from user_indexes; INDEX_NAME INDEX_TYPE TABLE_NAME UNIQUENES ------------------------------ --------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------ IDX_MAP BITMAP T_TESTMAP2 NONUNIQUE SYS_IOT_TOP_10258 IOT - TOP T_TESTMAP2 UNIQUE SYS_IOT_TOP_10256 IOT - TOP T_TESTMAP UNIQUE 这里可以看出索引组织表虽然是表,但是存储的结构是索引
SQL> drop table SYS_IOT_MAP_10258; drop table SYS_IOT_MAP_10258 * ERROR at line 1: ORA-28668: cannot reference mapping table of an index-organized table
mapping table 无法被直接删除,但是可以通过move进行删除
SQL> alter table t_testmap2 move nomapping; alter table t_testmap2 move nomapping * ERROR at line 1: ORA-28670: mapping table cannot be dropped due to an existing bitmap index 在创建了bitmap index的时候,mapping table也无法被删除。
SQL> drop index idx_map; Index dropped.
SQL> alter table t_testmap2 move nomapping; Table altered. SQL> select table_name,iot_name,iot_type from user_tables; TABLE_NAME IOT_NAME IOT_TYPE ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------ T_TESTMAP2 IOT T_TESTMAP IOT
这时再查询就发现mapping table被删除了。
SQL> select object_name, original_name, type from recyclebin; no rows selected 而且这种删除不会把mapping table放入回收站。 如果因为误操作等原因想恢复mapping table,可以使用以下命令重建。
SQL> alter table t_testmap move mapping table; Table altered.
SQL> select table_name,iot_name,iot_type from user_tables; TABLE_NAME IOT_NAME IOT_TYPE ------------------------------ ----------------------- -------------------------- SYS_IOT_MAP_10256 T_TESTMAP IOT_MAPPING T_TESTMAP2 IOT T_TESTMAP IOT
此时mapping table又重新创建。
SQL> create bitmap index idx_map on t_testmap(ename); Index created. 重新创建索引以进行下面的实验。
SQL> drop table t_testmap; Table dropped. SQL> select object_name, original_name, type from recyclebin; OBJECT_NAME ORIGINAL_NAME TYPE ------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------- BIN$tKX6TiUGBMLgQAB/AQATjQ==$0 IDX_MAP INDEX BIN$tKX6TiUHBMLgQAB/AQATjQ==$0 SYS_IOT_TOP_10256 IOT TOP INDEX SYS_IOT_MAP_10256 SYS_IOT_MAP_10256 IOT MAPPING TABLE BIN$tKX6TiUIBMLgQAB/AQATjQ==$0 T_TESTMAP TABLE
如果直接删除表t_testmap,那么该索引组织表上关联的mapping table 和 bitmap index 会一起被放入回收站中。
SQL> flashback table t_testmap to before drop; Flashback complete. SQL> select table_name,iot_name,iot_type from user_tables; TABLE_NAME IOT_NAME IOT_TYPE ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------ SYS_IOT_MAP_10256 T_TESTMAP IOT_MAPPING T_TESTMAP IOT T_TESTMAP2 IOT SQL> select index_name, index_type, table_name from user_indexes; INDEX_NAME INDEX_TYPE TABLE_NAME ------------------------------ -------- --------------------------- ---------------------- BIN$tKX6TiUGBMLgQAB/AQATjQ==$0 BITMAP T_TESTMAP BIN$tKX6TiUHBMLgQAB/AQATjQ==$0 IOT - TOP T_TESTMAP SYS_IOT_TOP_10258 IOT - TOP T_TESTMAP2
如果使用闪回的话,那么表及其关联的mapping table , bitmap index 会一起恢复 |
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